Cook spaghetti according to package instructions until al dente. Reserve 1/4 cup pasta water before draining.
In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add ground beef, cooking until browned. Stir in onion and cook until softened, then add garlic and sauté until fragrant.
Add marinara sauce, oregano, salt, black pepper, and sugar to the skillet. Stir and let simmer for 10 minutes.
In a large bowl, mix softened cream cheese, sour cream, Parmesan, garlic powder, and remaining salt and pepper until smooth. Add reserved pasta water, then stir in cooked spaghetti until well coated.
Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) and grease a 9x13-inch baking dish. Layer half of the meat sauce in the dish, then add the spaghetti mixture, followed by the remaining meat sauce.
Top with shredded mozzarella and additional Parmesan cheese. Cover with foil and bake for 20 minutes, then remove foil and bake for another 10-15 minutes until bubbly and golden.
Let rest for 5 minutes before serving.
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Notes
Store leftovers in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 days.