Brine the shrimp by combining with baking soda, crushed red pepper flakes, black pepper, and kosher salt. Mix well and let sit for 10 minutes.
Meanwhile, bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add spaghetti and cook until just under al dente, about one minute less than package instructions.
Heat olive oil in a large pan over medium heat. Add shrimp and sauté for about 3 minutes until pink and firm. Remove shrimp and set aside.
Add sliced garlic to the pan and cook for 2-3 minutes until golden. Pour in 1/2 cup reserved pasta water, then add butter and almost-cooked pasta. Toss and cook for 1 minute.
Return shrimp to the pan along with parsley, lemon juice, and lemon zest. Toss to combine and adjust seasoning to taste.
Serve immediately, garnished with extra parsley or lemon wedges if desired.
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Notes
Store leftovers in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 days. Reheat gently to avoid overcooking the shrimp.