Ensure your sourdough starter is active and bubbly. Feed it 4 to 12 hours before starting the dough.
In a stand mixer, combine milk, sourdough starter, egg, sugar, salt, and garlic powder. Gradually add flour, one cup at a time.
Mix on medium speed until smooth and elastic, then add softened butter in small chunks. Continue mixing until the dough pulls away from the sides of the bowl.
Transfer the dough to a greased bowl, cover, and let rise at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours.
Roll the dough out into a large rectangle and sprinkle shredded cheddar cheese evenly across the dough. Roll tightly from one end to the other.
Cut the roll lengthwise down the middle, leaving about 1 to 2 inches uncut at the top. Twist the two strands together and pinch the ends to seal.
Place the twisted dough into a greased loaf pan. Cover and let rise for 2 to 4 hours until doubled in size.
Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Brush with egg yolk and sprinkle flaky salt on top if desired.
Bake for 45 minutes until golden brown and cheese is bubbly. Let cool before slicing.
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Notes
Store in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 2 days. Freeze for longer storage.